Dreams Essays (253 words) - Dream, Neuroscience, Neurophysiology

Dreams For my independent study topic I researched dreams. There are many different approaches philosophers have taken to explain dreams and what they mean. I will go through a couple of them. Many of you may be asking yourself "why do I dream?", there are several answers to that question. The first in the physiological set. We dream in order to exercise our brains. When you're awake, messages are constantly speeding among all your billions of brain cells to keep you moving and thinking and digesting an so on. So the idea is that when you're asleep, dreams exercise the "pathways" between brains cells. A couple of ideas that might help this make sense are; the first couple of years of your life are the most intense for learning which is also when you have the greatest amount of REM sleep?which means your dreaming a lot. Another thing is your brain waves during REM sleep look about the same as your brain waves while your awake. During other parts of sleep, the brain waves look very different (a lot slower) There is also a psychological set of ideas about why we dream. Since psychology has to do with your thoughts and emotions it has been said dreams are actually about immediate concerns in our lives. In the bible and within a lot of cultures dreams are thought to be prophetic, which means they can predict the future. Sigmund Freud a famous philosopher gave us a lot of ideas on how our minds work and was very interested in interpreting dreams. He thought dreams contained symbols hidden deep within our minds and memories.

Free Essays on Japanese Interiors

Japanese Interiors I have always been intrigued by Japanese interiors, but never knew much about the actual meaning and function of these spaces until enrolling in this class. Not only am I personally interested; I know that many future clients will share the same interest. Therefore, I wanted to study this topic more in depth so I could use this design in client’s homes in the future. When studying these interiors, not only did I get to learn about traditional furniture pieces, table presentation, and use of space, but also the means in which they are used. For example, while learning about ceramic ware, I also got to learn about the tea ceremonies in which they are used. Before this class I had an illusion of Japan. I imagined little Japanese people dressed in their colorful kimonos in their perfect and tidy little rooms in their lovely towns. This of course is only a fantasy. In reality, Japan has to not only deal with the lack of physical space, but just like the Westerners, they deal with the clutter that we see as so necessary. Vacuums, television and stereo equipment make creating a beautiful space challenging. Understanding this, it made me appreciate the way the Japanese find beauty in unexpected places. In my opinion, they have mastered the art of seeing past the unappealing and bringing out the beauty. They seek out the subtleties rather than the obvious and are enchanted by shadows. Their sense of order and their eye for shape, texture and color in affect made me pay more attention to these details in my own environment. In class we learned about â€Å"green houses† and how shoji screens, although literally paper-thin and even somewhat transparent, was a major source of privacy. We (the west) are accustomed to solid barriers. It amazing me how a simple screen can serve so many purposes. Not only do they provide privacy, they also create space. Simply placing a few shoji screens together may create an entirely ... Free Essays on Japanese Interiors Free Essays on Japanese Interiors Japanese Interiors I have always been intrigued by Japanese interiors, but never knew much about the actual meaning and function of these spaces until enrolling in this class. Not only am I personally interested; I know that many future clients will share the same interest. Therefore, I wanted to study this topic more in depth so I could use this design in client’s homes in the future. When studying these interiors, not only did I get to learn about traditional furniture pieces, table presentation, and use of space, but also the means in which they are used. For example, while learning about ceramic ware, I also got to learn about the tea ceremonies in which they are used. Before this class I had an illusion of Japan. I imagined little Japanese people dressed in their colorful kimonos in their perfect and tidy little rooms in their lovely towns. This of course is only a fantasy. In reality, Japan has to not only deal with the lack of physical space, but just like the Westerners, they deal with the clutter that we see as so necessary. Vacuums, television and stereo equipment make creating a beautiful space challenging. Understanding this, it made me appreciate the way the Japanese find beauty in unexpected places. In my opinion, they have mastered the art of seeing past the unappealing and bringing out the beauty. They seek out the subtleties rather than the obvious and are enchanted by shadows. Their sense of order and their eye for shape, texture and color in affect made me pay more attention to these details in my own environment. In class we learned about â€Å"green houses† and how shoji screens, although literally paper-thin and even somewhat transparent, was a major source of privacy. We (the west) are accustomed to solid barriers. It amazing me how a simple screen can serve so many purposes. Not only do they provide privacy, they also create space. Simply placing a few shoji screens together may create an entirely ...

Ethics in the hospital setting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethics in the hospital setting - Essay Example Consequently they significantly contribute to the effective healthcare outcome of patients as well as become important part of personal and professional growth of nursing professionals. In the patients’ care, the ethics and ethical dilemmas faced by nursing professionals encompass five nursing ethics: altruism, integrity, autonomy, social justice and human dignity (Fowler, 2008). I have often come across ethical dilemmas within my arena which is orthopaedic department. I have to deal with patients who come directly after hip surgery. Encountering ethical issues test the competencies of nurses in terms of the learning experiences and help them evolve into empathetic and empowered healthcare professionals. The three most commonly found ethical issues in acute care setting are: altruism, autonomy and social justice. These issues influence the healthcare delivery as well as the recovery rate of patients in the acute care setting mainly because these issues are intrinsically linked to the core of nursing that highlights personal care, compassion and positive attitude of nurses that helps inculcate inner strength within patients to cope with illness and empower th em with knowledge to facilitate faster recovery (Robichaux, 2012). Altruism is highly crucial element of nursing that promotes greater sense of commitment towards the welfare of other people. The self-sacrifice of individuals for the benefit of others constitutes integral part of nursing. The nurses often tend to sacrifice their time when the patient requires their help. They are highly devoted to the cause of easing pain and providing an encouraging environment of hope and optimistic attitude to the patients and their family. I have strong sense of responsibility that encourages understanding and cooperation among the colleagues. Most importantly, patients’ needs are always at the priority over personal requirements because their ill health makes them vulnerable and giving

Structural Concept Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Structural Concept - Essay Example The piles will be generated using continuous beams originating from standard non-stop beam components linked to the node of elements through flows also called non-linear springs. This type of technology mixes in-situ soils together with cementitious materials in the process of forming a vertical stiff inclusion in the soil structure. The process entails rotating the mixing tool downwards to the designed depth. On reaching the appropriate depth, the construction engineer reverses the rotation of the mixing tool and starts withdrawing it at a standardized rate (Nelson 2005). The engineer forces into the ground agents that include slaked lime, quicklime, fly ash, and cement during advancement and withdrawal of the mixing tool. Other agents commonly referred to as binders introduced in the entire process in form of either wet slurry or dry powder. This technology shares familiar elements with the deep mixing technology with differences appearing in very high-pressure fluids that are applicable in the jet grouting technology in the process of eroding subsurface soil particles and used in mixing them with cement. This technology applies hydraulic energy to erode the soil as well as mix or replace the eroded soil with an engineered grout of water and cement in the process of forming a solidified in-situ component. Various subsurface geometries apply in the process of installing Jet Group elements. The tools for performing jet grouting remains special but many contractors are available and can help in continuing with technology. Engineers erect gadgets as close as possible to existing structures of embankment such as railways to strengthen resistance of the embankment and prevent failures from stability. They are made of few compacted meters of material with a height of one to two meters (Nelson 2005). They are also cost effective compared to other structures. However, its ability to reduce vibration and settlements is very low. In

Football game Essay Example for Free

Football game Essay The crowd sat on the edge, waiting impatiently for the next pass, the next tackle. This intense game had both teams fighting for control of the ball, struggling to score the next touchdown. The crowd was alive with concentration, which was then immediately interrupted by deafening cheers as soon as their team scored. As a fan, football from my perspective has always been a phenomenal sport that creates an intense, fun, and lively social atmosphere. It gives a chance for friends and family to bond over cheering their team on, while jokingly trash talking others in a casual manner. At a particular Eagles vs. Cowboys game I attended last year, this experience is exactly what I received. The lights, the screams, and the smell of delicious food all served to create a fun event. The highlight of the night, however, was when quarterback Michael Vick got hit extremely hard in the back field. It should have been a late hit but no whistles were blown. The crowd was immediately silenced by the sudden knockout. No one had expected such a hard hit. We fans craned our neck desperately trying to get a better view of what was going on. I remember being completely in awe of the violent nature of football that was revealed to me that night. I was surprised to find that such a dangerous game was even being encouraged to play! But there was one thing that was undeniable for sure— that hit was one moment I would surely never forget. From that game on, I always continued to follow the events and highlights of football. The league put out a lot of new rules for the NFL, to ensure the safety of its players. One of these rules was that a defenseless player cannot be tackled. So for example, if a receiver goes up for the ball, he cannot be tackled in the air. Another rule is the helmet to helmet tackle. A defender is not allowed to make a hit on a player, making contact from his helmet to the defenders. This can result in a serious concussion, and for long time purposes, the players can develop brain damage. To also make the game safer, kickoffs are now issued on the 30 yard line opposed to the traditional 20 yard line. This makes the return possibility very low, because the kick usually ends up deep in the end zone. This new rule change enforced on the kickoffs also accounts of less injuries, because it is one less play being executed. Special rules for quarterbacks have also been placed. Quarterbacks are looked at as the captains of their team. They know the offense’s strengths and weaknesses the best so they can make the right calls in the right situation. These players cannot be injured whatsoever, because of their impact on the game. That is why new rules, such as late tackles, are being enforced on defenders that try to scare the quarterbacks. When the new rules first came out, I supported and respected the fact that they were concerned about the player’s safety. The scientific discoveries about head trauma and mental illness made sense to me, and protecting the players from it seemed like a great idea. Soon the rules were being strictly enforced in the pros. When my friend and I went to the Cowboys and Eagles game, one of the first things that happened was a foul called for hitting helmets with a player. I approved of the call, it seemed fair. But out of the corner of my eye, I saw my friend shaking his head and say under his breath, â€Å"Man, football just isn’t the same anymore. † I shrugged it off— it wasn’t my fault he wasn’t enjoying the game. But later that night, his words tossed around in my head. Something did seem different about that game. But what exactly did he mean by not being the same? This question led me to reminisce back to earlier that game, when Vick first got late hit in the back field. The one thing I was certain of was that the beauty of the sport was created by the suspense of the game.

Myths, Dreams and the Epic of Gilgamesh :: Epic of Gilgamesh Essays

The Epic of Gilgamesh, a masterpiece of world literature, is considered to be one of the oldest epics in the world. It is called an epic, but it is really a myth. In order to be able to understand a myth, it is necessary to have an historical point of view from two perspectives, so to speak, an outer and an inner one. The outer one concerns the necessity to understand the historical form in which the archetypes appear, the historical background to which the myth is related - in our case, the Babylonian culture and religion. The inner aspect concerns the essential problems of the time, with which that particular epoch struggled consciously, or in which it was unconsciously involved. Although this is primarily a scientific task, I believe that it is nevertheless a matter of immediate necessity for us to understand such documents humains in relation to our own life, for all the ages live in us, and we cannot really understand ourselves unless we know our spiritual roots. What particular age and what spiritual contents are evoked in us by the unconscious is, to a certain extent, a question of individual fate. Since Western culture is based to a great extent on Judaism and Christianity, Babylonian culture as one of their roots may be looked upon as of immediate psychological interest to us all. The archetypes live in their realm, beyond time and space. This builds the bridge of understanding between men of all ages, and makes it possible to realize that we ourselves with our essential problems are bound up in the continuity of the eternal problems of mankind, as they are mirrored in myths. But the form in which the archetypes appear, their garments so to speak, depends on the historical conditions: the symbols in which they appear change. In the human being these changes correspond to the development of human consciousness. Thus the myths, in my opinion, represent not only eternal archetypal events, but a certain level of the development of human consc iousness. During my work on this remarkably rich material this connection thrust itself more and more into my mind, so that I should like to define it as the basic idea, as the starting point of my attempt to explain this myth. It was only in 1872 that scholars first became aware of this myth, when the English Assyriologist George Smith made public "The Chaldean Account of the Deluge," as he titled his translation of the eleventh tablet of the epic.

Human Factor in Aviation Maintenance Essay

Abstract In the aviation industry, human error is consider as a major factor in most aviation accidents. Maintenance tasks that are performed incorrectly or are overlooked by maintenance crew would cause human errors. Examples of human errors in maintenance are installation of incorrect parts, essential checks not being performed and failed to install wanted parts. Among all aviation-related threats, errors made by maintenance crew are more difficult to detect and have the potential to remain dormant, affecting the safe operation of aircraft for longer duration. Although maintenance crews are responsible for their actions, organization problems also contributed to the threat of maintenance errors. Since it is not possible to eliminate all maintenance errors, introducing safety management systems (SMS) to aviation organizations can help identify hazards and control risk. Human factors issues in aviation maintenance Maintenance tasks may be carried out in confined spaces, at heights, under burning heat or in freezing cold and worst of all, it is also physically demanding. Good communication, coordination, clerical and focusing skills are needed to perform well in this environment. Fault analysis and rectification have to be solved quickly in order to minimize turnaround time. In addition, there would be latent emotional stress on maintenance personnel whose work has been involved in aviation accidents. However unlike aircrafts, humans do not come with a set of instructional manuals that helps us to understand their performance and capabilities. Each and every individual varies in many ways, hence one will never know how one maintenance task attributed to errors. Aviation industries become aware of many unpredictable accidents coming from human errors due to different contributing factors (Refer to Figure 1 for a graphical illustration on human error vs contributing factors) (Takahiro S, Terry L, William D, 2008)  and have taken steps to implement preventive or control measures. Factors contributing to human errors in maintenance Statistics have shown that 80% of errors are contributed due to human errors while the remaining percentage is due to mechanical or other failures. (Refer to Figure 2 for a graphical illustration on human error contribution percentile) (â€Å"Strategic program plan,† 2007) There is also a breakdown showing which type of maintenance activities having higher rate of human errors. (Refer to Table1, Frequency of Human error vs Type of maintenance activity) (Goldman, 2002) The Pear Model Four important human factors of the Pear Model (Refer to Figure 5 for graphical illustration) are: People who do the job, environment in which they work, actions they perform and resources  necessary to complete the job. People Human factors program focus on people who perform the work and attend to physical,  physiological, psychological and psychosocial factors. Organization must focus on individuals,  their physical capabilities, mental state, cognitive size and circumstances that may affect their  interaction with others. Factors like each person ‘s size, age, eyesight, strength, endurance,  experience, motivation and certification standards must be taken into consideration before each  person is tasked to work. Sufficient breaks and rest periods must be catered  to ensure each  person is not overload. Organization should encourage more teamwork and communications  between colleagues so that work accomplished will be safe and efficient. Offering educational  programs on health and fitness can help encourage good health and help reduce sick leave.  Hence, a good human factors program will consider all the limitations of humans and designs the  job accordingly. Environment Physical workplace in the hanger/shop and organization environment are environments  that are focused on human factors program. Conditions like temperature, lighting, noise control,  cleanliness, humidity and workplace design are considered physical environment. Cooperation,  mutual respect, culture of the organization, communication, leadership, shared goals and shared  values are important factors in an excellent organizational environment. Actions The standard human factors approach to identify skills, knowledge and  attitudes to  perform each task in a given job is called Job Task Analysis (JTA). It helps to identify what  instructions, tools and other resources needed to perform each task. By following exactly to the  JTA, each worker will be properly trained and each workplace will also has the necessary  equipment and other resources to perform the job. Resources Resources are viewed from a broad angle, such as anything that is needed to get the job  accomplished. Resources that are tangible are test equipment, tools, lifts, computers and  technical manuals, and so forth. Amount of time given, level of communication among people of  different levels, the number and qualifications of staff to complete a job are considered resources  that are less tangible. The most important element under resources is to identify the need for  additional resources. Accidents linked to maintenance Japan Airlines Flight 123 In August 1985, Japan Airlines flight 123 claimed the lives of 520 people when it crashed into a mountain. It was bound for a short flight from Tokyo to Osaka but at the altitude of 24,000ft, the aircraft suddenly lost control due to the failure of the rear pressure bulkhead and caused the whole cabin to suffer a sudden decompression. The impact of the escaping air caused the separation of the vertical stabilizer, rudder, hydraulic lines and four pressurized hydraulic systems. Investigations revealed that the aircraft had encountered a tail strike incident a few years ago. The repair work done on the aft bulkhead did not comply with the OEM recommended procedure as two doubler plates instead of a single plate were used to do the splice. (Refer to Figure 3 for an illustration of the repair) Eastern Airlines Flight 855 On May 5, 1983, Eastern Airlines flight 855 was on a flight from Miami, U.S. to Nassau, Bahamas. The plane carried a total of 172 people. While making a descend, the low oil pressure warning indicator on the center engine lighted up. The flight crew shut-off the center engine and decided to return back to Miami with the remaining two engines. On the way back to Miami, the aircraft’s low oil pressure warning indicators for the remaining two engines lighted up followed by flamed out within minutes. Luckily the flight crew managed to re-start the center engine again after the aircraft descended from 13,000ft to 4,000ft without any power. After the aircraft landed safely at Miami airport with one engine, no live loss or injuries were claimed. The investigation board concluded the cause of the incident was due to all three magnetic chip detectors on the engines had been installed without O-rings (Refer to Figure 4 for an illustration of the Chip) causing oil to leak from the engines during flight. This accident could be avoided if the engineers involved were discipline and carried out the maintenance tasks professionally. British Airway Flight 5390 On 10 June 1990, British Airlines flight 5390 was on a flight from Birmingham, England to Malaga, Spain. Suddenly at about 17,300ft, the left windscreen on the captain’s side of the cockpit blew out from the cockpit. The captain was sucked out of his seat with half of his body hanging out of the plane and the other half resting on the flight controls. No lives were lost on this flight, but the captain suffered frostbite, bruising, and  fractures to his right arm, left thumb and right wrist while flight attendant who aided the captain suffered a dislocated shoulder, frostbitten face and some frostbite damage to his left eye. Investigators found that the maintenance manager who worked on the windscreen had used incorrect bolts during a windscreen repair. Other issues highlighted were failed to check tolerance specification of the bolts, staffing shortage during night shift, parts storage and involvement of supervisors in hands-on maintenance work. Safety Management Systems A safety management system (SMS) is a systematic way to managing safety, policies, procedures, accountabilities, and including the necessary organisational structures. The objective of a Safety Management System is to provide a structured management approach to control safety risks in operations. Therefore in order to have an effective safety management, the organisation’s specific structures and processes related to safety of operations must be taken into account. safety management requires planning, organising, communicating and providing direction. The first step of the SMS progession begins with setting the organisational safety policy. It lay outs the strategy for achieving acceptable levels of safety within the organisation and defines the principles upon which the SMS is built and operated. In order to mitigate and limit risk during operations in the designed processes, safety planning and execution of safety management procedures are needed. Only with these controls in place, quality management techniques then can be utilised to ensure the intended objectives are met by deployment of safety assurance and if fail, evaluation processes are needed to provide continuous montioring of operations and for identifying areas of safety improvement. Furthermore, SMS also provides the organisational framework to set up and encourage the development of a positive safety culture. Finally, the implentation of SMS provides the organisation’s management a structured set of tools to meet their respomsibilites for safety defined by the regulator. Conclusion Aviation industries have realized that it is not possible to entirely eliminate maintenance errors but to take an approach to identify, correct and minimize the consequences of those errors. And with the implementation of SMS, hazards could be identify and risks could be control. In conclusion, all these human factor studies help aviation industries to make continuous improvement and implementation of solutions to reduce maintenance errors. References Strategic program plan. (2007, August 01). Retrieved from http://libraryonline.erau.edu/online-full-text/human-factors-in-aviation-maintenance/StrategicProgramPlan.pdf Takahiro Suzuki, Terry L. Von Thaden, William D. Geibel. (2008). Influence of time pressure on aircraft maintenance errors. Informally published manuscript, University of Illinois, Retrieved from http://www.aviation.illinois.edu/avimain/papers/research/pub_pdfs/miscconf/AAvPA_suzuki_final.pdf Micheal E. Maddox. (2007). Human factors. Daytona Beach, FL 32114: Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University. Retrieved from http://libraryonline.erau.edu/online-full-text/human-factors-in-aviation-maintenance/guide/chapter1.pdf LindaWerfelman. (2008, April). Working to the limit. AeroSafety World, 3(4), 14-18. Retrieved from http://flightsafety.org/aerosafety-world-magazine/past-issues/aerosafety-world-april-2008 Colin G. Drury. (2007). Establishing a human factors/ergonomics program. Daytona Beach, FL 32114: Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University. Retrieved from http://libraryonline.erau.edu/online-full-text/human-factors-in-aviation-maintenance/guide/chapter2.pdf Hobbs, A. Australian Transport Safety Bureau, (2008). An overview of human factors in aviation maintenance (AR-2008-055). Retrieved from Australian Transport Safety Bureau website: http://www.atsb.gov.au/media/27818/ar2008055.pdf SKYbrary. (2013, September 14). Safety Management System. Retrieved from http://www.skybrary.aero/index.php/Safety_Management_System James T. Burnette. (2007). Workplace safety. Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University: Daytona Beach, FL 32114. Retrieved from http://libraryonline.erau.edu/online-full-text/human-factors-in-aviation-maintenance/guide/chapter3.pdf Micheal E. Maddox. (2007). Shiftwork and scheduling. Daytona Beach, FL 32114: Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University. Retrieved from Micheal E. Maddox. (2007). Facility design. Daytona Beach, FL 32114: Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University. Retrieved from http://libraryonline.erau.edu/online-full-text/human-factors-in-aviation-maintenance/guide/chapter5.pdf James Reason. (2007). Human error. Daytona Beach, FL 32114: Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University. Retrieved from http://libraryonline.erau.edu/online-full-text/human-factors-in-aviation-maintenance/guide/chapter14.pdf FAA. (2012). Human Factors. Retrieved from http://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/handbooks_manuals/aircraft/media/AMT_Handbook_Addendum_Human_Factors.pdf Terrell N. Chandler. (2007). Training. Daytona Beach, FL 32114: Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University. Retrieved from http:/ /libraryonline.erau.edu/online-full-text/human-factors-in-aviation-maintenance/guide/chapter7.pdf Figure 1. Human error vs Contributing factors. (Takahiro S, Terry L, William D, 2008) Figure 2. Human error contribution percentile. (â€Å"Strategic program plan,† 2007) Table 1. Frequency of Human error vs Type of maintenance activity. (Goldman, 2002) Figure 3. Comparison of the correct and incorrect method of the doubler plate repair. (Hobbs, 2008) Figure 4. Location of O rings on magnetic chip detector. (Hobbs, 2008) Figure 5. The PEAR Model (FAA, 2012)